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This group went on to select positioning methods and standardize Location Services LCS , later known as Location Based Services LBS. Use all the Fire Department, Rescue Service, Police Department and Technical units to master the many exciting missions! BNFL and some other operators have their own on-site fire service.

You File be a UK citizen this helps to maintain a useful and quality dating experience. UK Uniform Dating Services Dating is Emergency services dating site Dating for UK Services. It is used to maintain knowledge of the exact location, however can be expensive for the end-user, as they would have to invest in a GPS-equipped sol. A classic example of LBS applications using SMS is the delivery of mobile coupons or discounts to mobile subscribers who are near to advertising restaurants, cafes, movie theatres. The committee was chaired by Dr and attracted significant media attention. We have members from lots of north backgrounds. They are paid a salary for the time they spend on call and a greater amount for each incident they respond to, on average 2 or 3 per week.

Pan-European emergency number EMS and fire brigade : 112 are free of charge and can be made from a landline, pay phone or mobile phone, even without a SIM card. Many other and are available, especially for indoor use. In 2002, there was a series of national , with much of the discontent caused by the aforementioned report into the fire service conducted by Prof Sir George Bain. Parts of the Act remain in force in Scotland.

Emergency services hunt for man in his 30s who vanished while swimming in a lake - These use models were not really functional at the application context layer and needed more user-interface controls to make them ubiquitous.

A location-based service LBS is a software-level service that uses data to control features. As such LBS is an and has a number of uses in today as information, in entertainment or security, which is accessible with through the and which uses information on the geographical position of the mobile device. LBS can be used in a variety of contexts, such as health, indoor object search, entertainment, work, personal life, etc. LBS is critical to many businesses as well as government organizations to drive real insight from data tied to a specific location where activities take place. The spatial patterns that location-related data and services can provide is one of its most powerful and useful aspect where location is a common denominator in all of these activities and can be leveraged to better understand patterns and relationships. LBS include services to identify a location of a person or object, such as discovering the nearest banking cash machine or the whereabouts of a friend or employee. LBS include parcel tracking and services. LBS can include when taking the form of coupons or advertising directed at customers based on their current location. They include personalized weather services and even location-based games. They are an example of. While networked computing devices generally do very well to inform consumers of days old data, the computing devices themselves can also be tracked, even in real-time. LBS privacy issues arise in that context, and are documented below. They have evolved from simple synchronization based service models to authenticated and complex tools for implementing virtually any location based service model or facility. Location based services today are a part of everything from control systems to smart weapons. They are actively used trillions of times a day and may be one of the most heavily used in computing today. Research forerunners of today's location-based services include the infrared Active Badge system 1989—1993 , the -Europolitan LBS trial by Jörgen Johansson 1995 , and the master thesis written by Nokia employee Timo Rantalainen in 1995. In 1990 International Teletrac Systems later Teletrac , founded in Los Angeles CA, introduced the world's first dynamic real-time services. As an adjacency to this they began developing location based services that could transmit information about location-based goods and services to custom-programmed alphanumeric. In 1996 the US FCC issued rules requiring all US mobile operators to locate. This rule was a compromise resulting from US mobile operators seeking the support of the emergency community in order to obtain the same protection from lawsuits relating to emergency calls as fixed-line operators already had. In 1997 Christopher Kingdon, of Ericsson, handed in the Location Services LCS stage 1 description to the joint GSM group of the ETSI and the ANSI. As a result, the LCS sub-working group was created under ANSI T1P1. This group went on to select positioning methods and standardize Location Services LCS , later known as Location Based Services LBS. Nodes defined include the Gateway Mobile Location Centre GMLC , the Serving Mobile Location Centre SMLC and concepts such as Mobile Originating Location Request MO-LR , Network Induced Location Request NI-LR and Mobile Terminating Location Request MT-LR. These use models were not really functional at the application context layer and needed more user-interface controls to make them ubiquitous. Those control came from Glassey's evolving models which expanded these and provided a secondary, more robust and very simple system for controlling digital objects and decision processes based on location and time. As a result of these efforts in 1999 the first Digital Location Based Service Patent was filed in the US and ultimately issued after nine 9 office actions in March 2002. The patent has controls which when applied to today's networking models provide key value in all systems. In 2000, after approval from the worlds 12 largest telecom operators, Ericsson, Motorola and jointly formed and launched the Location Interoperability Forum Ltd LIF. This forum first specified the MLP , an interface between the telecom network and an LBS application running on a server in the Internet Domain. In 2004 LIF was merged with the OMA. An LBS work group was formed within the OMA. The device, designed by Marex and engineered by its partner firms in telecom and hardware, was capable of transmitting location data and retrieving location based service data via both cellular and satellite based communications channels. Utilizing the Orbcomm satellite network, the device had multi level SOS features for both MAYDAY and marine assistance, vessel system condition and performance monitoring with remote notification, plus a dedicated hardware device similar to modern GPS units. The concept and functionality was coined Location Based Services by the principal architect and product manager for Marex, Jason Manowitz, SVP, Product and Strategy, Marex. The device was capable of tracking assets including ships, planes, shipping containers, or any other mobile asset with a proper power source and antenna placement. Marex's financial challenges were unable to support product introduction and the beta device disappeared. The first consumer LBS-capable mobile web device was the , released in 1999. Two of the in-the-box applications made use of the -level positioning information and share the title for first consumer LBS application: the Weather. The first LBS services were launched during 2001 by TeliaSonera in Sweden FriendFinder, yellow pages, houseposition, emergency call location etc. TeliaSonera and EMT based their services on the Ericsson Mobile Positioning System MPS. Other early LBS include friendzone, launched by swisscom in in May 2001, using the technology of valis ltd. The service included friend finder, LBS dating and LBS games. The same service was launched later by Germany, Orange Portugal and Pelephone in. Microsoft's Wi-Fi-based indoor location system RADAR 2000 , MIT's Cricket project using ultrasound location 2000 and Intel's Place Lab with wide-area location 2003. In May 2002, and launched the first US mobile LBS local search application that used Automatic Location Identification ALI technologies mandated by the FCC. The ALI determined location was also used as a starting point for directions. The main advantage is that mobile users do not have to manually specify ZIP codes or other location identifiers to use LBS, when they roam into a different location. There are a number of ways in which the location of an object, such as a mobile phone or device, can be determined. Control plane locating With locating, sometimes referred to as positioning, the mobile phone service provider gets the location based on the radio signal delay of the closest cell-phone towers for phones without GPS features which can be quite slow as it uses the 'voice control' channel. This technique was the basis of the E-911 mandate and is still used to locate cellphones as a safety measure. Newer phones and typically have an integrated chip. Several categories of methods can be used to find the location of the subscriber. The simple and standard solution is GPS-based LBS. It is used to maintain knowledge of the exact location, however can be expensive for the end-user, as they would have to invest in a GPS-equipped handset. GPS is based on the concept of , a basic geometric principle that allows finding one location if one knows its distance from other, already known locations. Self-reported positioning A low cost alternative to using location technology to track the player, is to not track at all. It was used in the called in 2003 and considered for use in the games in 2006. Instead of tracking technologies, players were given a map which they could pan around and subsequently mark their location upon. This application allows a person to access information based on their surroundings; especially suitable for using inside closed premises, restricted or regional area. Another alternative is an operator- and GPS-independent location service based on access into the deep level telecoms network. This solution enables accurate and quick determination of geographical coordinates of mobile phone numbers by providing operator-independent location data and works also for handsets that are not GPS-enabled. Many other and are available, especially for indoor use. GPS and GSM do not work very well indoors, so other techniques are used, including co-pilot beacon for CDMA networks, Bluetooth, UWB, and Wi-Fi. Taxis, service people, rental equipment, doctors, fleet scheduling. Objects without privacy controls, using passive sensors or RF tags, such as packages and train boxcars. Person by skill doctor , business directory, navigation, weather, traffic, room schedules, stolen phone, emergency calls. Targeted advertising, buddy list, common profile matching dating. Payment based upon proximity EZ pass, toll watch , automatic airport check-in. In the the requires that all carriers meet certain criteria for supporting location-based services FCC 94—102. The mandate requires 95% of handsets to resolve within 300 meters for network-based tracking e. This can be especially useful when dialing an — such as in , or in — so that the operator can dispatch emergency services such as , or to the correct location. CDMA and iDEN operators have chosen to use GPS location technology for locating emergency callers. This led to rapidly increasing penetration of GPS in iDEN and CDMA handsets in North America and other parts of the world where CDMA is widely deployed. European operators are mainly using for locating subscribers. This is also a method used in Europe by companies that are using cell based LBS as part of systems to recover stolen assets. In the US companies such as in New York are using GPS and triangulation to enable college students to notify campus police when they are in trouble. Rave Wireless and other companies with location based offerings are powered by a variety of companies, including , and Xtify. Comparison of location tracking apps for mobile devices Currently there are roughly three different models for location-based apps on mobile devices. All share that they allow one's location to be tracked by others. Each functions in the same way at a high level, but with differing functions and features. Below is a comparison of an example application from each of the three models. Messaging, especially SMS, has been used in combination with various LBS applications, such as location-based mobile advertising. A classic example of LBS applications using SMS is the delivery of mobile coupons or discounts to mobile subscribers who are near to advertising restaurants, cafes, movie theatres. The Singaporean mobile operator carried out such an initiative in 2007 that involved many local marketers, what was reported to be a huge success in terms of subscriber acceptance. The Location Privacy Protection Act of 2012 S. It is based on the individual's one time consent to participate in these services Opt In. The bill specifies the collecting entities, the collectable data and its usage. The bill does not specify, however, the period of time that the data collecting entity can hold on to the user data a limit of 24 hours seems appropriate since most of the services use the data for immediate searches, communications, etc. The bill which was approved by the Senate Judiciary Committee, would also require mobile services to disclose the names of the advertising networks or other third parties with which they share consumers' locations. With the passing of the in 2003, it became illegal in the United States to send any message to the end user without the end user specifically opting-in. However the applicability of legal provisions to varying forms of LBS and of processing location data is unclear. One implication of this technology is that data about a subscriber's location and historical movements is owned and controlled by the network operators, including mobile carriers and mobile content providers. Mobile content providers and app developers are a concern. Indeed, a recent MIT study by de Montjoye et al. The study further shows that these constraints hold even when the resolution of the dataset is low. Therefore, even coarse or blurred datasets provide little anonymity. A critical article by Dobson and Fisher discusses the possibilities for misuse of location information. Beside the legal framework there exist several technical approaches to protect privacy using PETs. Only few LBS offer such PETs, e. Additionally, it is an open question how users perceive and trust in different PETs. The only study that addresses user perception of state of the art PETs is. Another set of techniques included in the PETs are the techniques, which slightly alter the location of the users in order to hide their real location while still being able to represent their position and receive services from their LBS provider. IEEE International Conference on Communication ICC 2008, Beijing, China. Mobile Information Systems, Vol. Multimedia Tools and Applications. Proceedings of 5th ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Network and system support for games - NetGames '06. Retrieved 26 October 2016. Hidalgo; Michel Verleysen; Vincent D. Blondel March 25, 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2013. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine. Archived from PDF on 2013-05-25.